A Social Interaction Problem in the USA

Social issues can be basically characterized as those issues, which influence the general public notwithstanding the individual who falls casualty. That is, they are issues that happen outside the constraints of individual issues. Thusly, it isn't feasible for these issues to be illuminated by an individual alone since they regularly require the mediation of each person in the general public. One such issue is the issue of high school pregnancy that is presently being knowledgeable about most pieces of the world.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on A Social Interaction Problem in the USA explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In America, the issue of young pregnancy has end up being a social issue given the disturbing paces of adolescent pregnancy being knowledgeable about the country. Insights have shown that around one million young people in America get pregnant every year (Gillham 13). This is to imply that roughly one out each four adolescents in America is pregnant or has a youngster. These rates have end up being the most noteworthy in the Western world. From this, it very well may be plainly delineated that adolescent pregnancy is a basic issue confronting the United States of America. High school pregnancy is a social cooperation issue in light of the weight that the general public faces because of this issue. In the first place, adolescent pregnancy much of the time happens to young ladies underneath the age of twenty years. At this age, the young lady is ordinarily expected to be seeking after their examinations in secondary school or school. Be that as it may, when the young lady gets pregnant, odds of going on with their examinations are typically insignificant (Kaplan). This is a direct result of the way that the youngster turns into a weight to the high school mother henceforth keeping her from finishing her examinations. This young lady in the end becomes semi-uneducated and it gets hard to find a new line of w ork with their degree of training. The pregnancy in the long run causes the young lady to rely upon the general public subsequently a weight on the general public. For example, the administration of the United States of America as of late expresses that it spends near $6.9 billion on the open help of high school pregnancy emergency. Furthermore, the survivors of young pregnancy typically abstain from cooperating with their companions as they did before the pregnancy (Checkland and Wong). A large portion of the high school young ladies who have fallen casualty of adolescent pregnancy typically feel embarrassed and choose to mind their own business. Thusly, young pregnancy loots of the adolescents their adolescence by making them go about as grown-ups while their ages don't permit them to do as such. This in the end prompts unexpected frailty since they invest the greater part of their energy thinking about their circumstance, which is loathed in the society.Advertising Looking for ar ticle on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Having seen at how the issue of adolescent pregnancy antagonistically influences the American culture it is significant that the preventive and remedial measures be taken so as to help check this issue. Exploration directed in the United States of America has demonstrated that the greater part of the young pregnancies are because of need or poor utilization of contraceptives (Kaplan). All things considered, the legislature of the United States of America ought to advance courses through which the whole open and particularly the young people will be instructed and educated regarding the contraception techniques so as to decrease instances of adolescent pregnancies. It is additionally significant that the young people be educated regarding the dangers of taking part in pre-marriage sex, for example, dangers of being tainted with the unending rundown of explicitly transmitt ed contaminations/ailments. Works Cited Checkland, David and Wong, James. High schooler Pregnancy and Parenting: Social and Ethical Issues. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1999. Print. Gillham, Bill. The realities about high school pregnancies. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 1997. Print. Kaplan, Elaine. Not Our Kind of Girl: Unraveling the Myths of Black Teenage Motherhood. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997. Print. This paper on A Social Interaction Problem in the USA was composed and put together by client Michael W. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

Human Experimentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Experimentation - Essay Example It incorporates the verifiable foundation, delayed consequences, and the present status of human clinical experimentation. The exploration involves the advantages and disadvantages of this training alongside notable thoughts on surviving or destroying this sort of torment. Human Medical Experimentation An agonizing behavior that completely resisted human rights and addressed social insurance standards It is commonly expressed that people of the world have certain rights which can't be detracted from them, regardless of circumstance and conditions. The idea of these rights might be political or common freedom; notwithstanding, the most significant right which a person is qualified for is the privilege to physical security and, most fundamentally, to life. Human rights fundamentally venture the requirement for human resilience, acknowledgment, decency and common regard. The human rights idea oozes profound quality and equity. Despite the fact that significance of human rights is unders cored by numerous associations and governments around the globe, infringement of human rights is a typical encounter far and wide. The cooperation of individuals in clinical experimentation is one such subject, which stays questionable because of human rights mishandles. Many created nations of the world, including the United States, guarantee to be world pioneers in clinical research. Notwithstanding, the Western clinical improvement has a shrouded clouded side which isn't recognized by many. This dark side focuses to the way that so as to create medication and accomplish logical advancement, horrendous clinical analyses were directed on down and out individuals and their kids (Moses, 2007). Generally, these clinical trials were led to pick up benefit by effectively creating drugs for different illnesses and, for the most part, these investigations were led without the information on the individuals associated with the experimentation. Many accept that in spite of today’s su pposed free and enlightened social orders winning in the West, human experimentation has been taken up on a mass level. As per specialists, practically 50% of the number of inhabitants in the United States is utilizing a medication routinely, and about 20% of kids are utilizing antidepressants or amphetamines (Moses, 2007). This paper plans to investigate the subject of human clinical experimentation so as to delineate its history, the clouded side which it anticipates, the advantages that it has given to human culture and current status and assessments of different specialists regarding the matter. Different clinical fields, for example, science, brain science, human studies and clinical medication utilize human subject for inquire about purposes. Human clinical experimentation uncovered living people to tests, which are for the most part remorseless, excruciating, savage and unsafe. Albeit Western nations are liable for surprising clinical advancements, for example, the remedy for jungle fever and other destructive ailments, this achievement, be that as it may, is trailed by a massive cost paid by the members of the examinations. A few members are made up for their misfortunes in physical and emotional wellness, however most members have not been remunerated by any stretch of the imagination. Numerous members have lost their lives during the procedure of experimentation, and obviously, no pay can bring back the most valuable thing lost: their lives. The historical backdrop of human clinical experimentation in U.S. goes back to 1845, when J. Marion Sims, otherwise called the dad of

Great Books For The Writer In Your Life

Great Books For The Writer In Your Life Back in September, I went back to university to study creative writing. After decades of reading and a general sense that I should, at some point, follow the dreams that my four year old self envisioned, I figured that maybe it was finally time to give it a proper go. I’ve been writing for publication since I was 16 years old. Magazines. Newspapers. Book chapters. Blogs. You name it, I’ve written in. But I’ve never finished a draft of a book. I’m working on it actively and it’s the best part of my week when I get to sit down and write, but even a year ago I would have been too scared to even try. A lot of what keeps me going are books about writing. I doubt myself constantly (I think we all do) and there are days when I just haven’t a clue what I’m meant to do next (also a universal experience, I believe). So below is a list of some great books to give to a writer in your life- or maybe treat yourself and pop them on your bookshelf. They might get you through a tight spot! Scratch by Manjula Martin For anyone seeking to follow a dream in the writing world, this one is a necessary. The book is a series of essays from acclaimed authors talking about writing, money and how to make a living from the pen. There’s a lot of candid conversation about money, publishing, teaching and learning. It’s full of honesty and is surprisingly inspirational. A Poetry Handbook by Mary Oliver I’ve been reading poems since I was a small child (my father loves poetry and often made me read them), but every time I sat down to write one I panicked. Then I read Mary Oliver’s book (and later, her poetry, which is super but I shan’t digress) and I found myself suddenly able to conceptualise an actual poem and work on it, start to finish. This is a must for anyone who wants to learn how to write poems (and is weirdly interesting even if you never plan to write them at all). The Writer’s Reader  edited by Robert Cohen and Jay Parini In the vein of Scratch, this is a series of essays by authors modern and historical and considers writing as a vocation as well as a craft. There is work here from Flannery O Connor, Virginia Woolf, Zadie Smith and Colm Toibin. It’s really lovely to sit down with this, pick a random entry and dig deep. This Year You Write Your Novel  by Walter Mosley Walter Mosley is no-nonsense and here to guide you through the process of getting your first novel written. It’s instructive as well as encouraging and helps a wannabe writer make a timetable (and stick to it, a thing I struggle with), as well as finding your style and getting into the proper meat (and not just the first chapter). The Writing Life: Writers on How They Think and Work  by Marie Arana Marie Arana presents a biography of each of the writers who contribute to this collection of essays about a writing life. The essays cover how writers work, how they found they wanted to write in the first place, and how they struggle and triumph in the process of penning. The biographies really add something to this, and you find yourself on the outside, looking in at people who are considering some very large questions about their craft. Making a Literary Life  by Carolyn See This is about teaching writing, but also about following a dream and living the life you want to. There’s lots of humour here alongside the tips about writing and guidelines about publication, and the pages are chock full of positivity. Making a Literary Life is all about inspiration and makes for a truly lovely read. How to Write an Autobiographical Novel  by Alexander Chee Shamefully, I haven’t read this, but it’s on my list and getting close to the top. It comes highly recommended by several Rioters and I cannot wait to get stuck in. This was all over TIME, the Washington Post and Bustle last year. This is Chee’s first non fiction effort, a series of essays about the knotty mix of life and writing, referring to his own experiences and his identity as a Korean American. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Should Abortion Be Murder - 2468 Words

Abortion has been a longstanding public debate that has many contributing factors. Legislation, personal values, financial stability, and religious beliefs all play a pivotal role in determining whether or not abortion is considered to be murder. There are several articles that highlight abortion from the perception of individuals who support a woman’s right to have one. However, data supporting the notion that abortion is murder is insufficient. This is especially true for the perceptions of those who believe in providing rights for the unborn. The goal of this research paper will be to examine abortion and to determine if it should be considered as murder. The intent of the research that will be conducted in this study is to highlight the reasons as to why some individuals believe abortion is murder. The goal of this research will be to determine the common factors that may be present in the experiences of those that identify themselves as prolife. The research will also uncover the shared factors of pro-choice individuals. By addressing the factors that may exist, this study will aim to provide a clearer understanding as to why some believe that abortion is murder. Studies such as ones conducted by Aarons (2012) will be reviewed to determine what recommendations can be brought forth based off of the research collected. When determining a concrete definition, â€Å"abortion† does not have a clear outline. The term is defined through a medical lens as the premature expulsionShow MoreRelatedShould Abortion Be Murder?868 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is Murder Have you ever lost a loved one or someone that meant a lot to you? If so, how did that make you feel? I’m sure you felt heartbroken or lost and you didn’t know what you were going to do. Imagine how you would feel if you were trying to bring a loved one into this world but you couldn’t. It wasn’t because you didn’t want to, it’s was because you were physically not able to. There are many women who want to have kids and make their family grow but because of their health issues theyRead MoreAbortion : An Act Of Population Reduction920 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion: Legalized Murder A resounding tune states that people make the world go around. It is understandable that old age, illnesses, accidents, wars, and many other disasters bring on reductions within the population. Yet, abortion as an act of population reduction is often a topic that many people would rather not discuss. Abortions account for 1.3 million deaths among unborn children yearly (â€Å"Abortion: Late-Term/Partial Birth 2). The purpose of this research is to argue that, with the exceptionRead MoreAbortion Is A Way For Women1726 Words   |  7 PagesKellsey Lodahl Abortion is Ethical Abortion is a way for women, or couples, to make the best decision they can for themselves and the unborn child if they are not ready to bring a child into the world. Allowing termination as a legal and ethical option lets women know they still have a choice when their world is turned upside down. The choice to abort a pregnancy allows women to remain in control of their bodies and makes women one step closer to becoming equal to men. I argue that it is ethicallyRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?911 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion, to some it is the murder of an innocent fetus with a heartbeat. To others it is considered an option to be freed from the responsibilities of parenthood. We all have different views that can be controversial to the opinions of others. Yet, there are proven facts and cases where making abortion illegal is the best decision. Propaganda for Prolife is everywhere, but is there enough to show the world how wrong abortion is? I believe there is not, yet there ar e some very emotional advertisementsRead More Should Abortion Really Be Legal? 769 Words   |  3 PagesAbortion is a critical topic that many people like to avoid arguing about. Abortion is currently legal and many â€Å"mothers† have aborted their baby. Abortion is a sensitive thing to consider and talk about for many, but it should be discussed and argued about. Abortion terminates a pregnancy after so much time has passed, that’s ending a life of another. Babies don’t ask to come into the world, but these doctors who are supposed to be saving lives are ending many of them. Abortion should not be legalRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal Or Illegal?939 Words   |  4 Pagesheated issues is abortion. Abortion has been around at almost every point in American history. Consequently, since the Supreme Court decision of Roe v. Wade there have been approximately 57,762,169 abortions in America (â€Å"Are You†). This raises the question of should abortion be legal or illegal, and is this immoral or moral to do? The decision to have an abortion can be a difficult time in a woman’s life, but is not a moral way to end a pregnancy. Abortion in the United States should be illegal becauseRead MoreEssay on Abortion is not Murder in the right circumstances882 Words   |  4 Pages Abortion Is Not Murder under the Right Circumstances She was only twelve, only for a walk on the street right by her house when he got to her. The experience was terrifying and all she wanted to do was forget about it, forget about him on top of her, making her do things that should only be done with someone she loves. The rape is finally over and he lets her go after making her promise not to tell. A few weeks after the rape she still hadn’t told, but started feeling woozy and nauseous in theRead MoreAbortion is Murder Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion is the termination of a pregnancy. It has been going on for many centuries. No one knows when the first abortion was because many of them were never documented. Approximately half of the women in the United States have had at least one pregnancy that they aborted (â€Å"Abortion In†). In the 1820s there were laws forbidding abortion after fourth month of pregnancy. Many feminist, such as Susan B. Anthony are against abortion. Susan B. Anthony was an American civil r ights leader in the 19th centuryRead MoreMedically Induced Abortions Are Murder1354 Words   |  6 PagesMedically Induced Abortions are Murder Abortion is the purposeful termination of a fetus, either naturally or medically (Abortion 2). In this instance, an unborn fetus perishes either through natural causes such as a miscarriage, or by medically induced methods (McFall 188). Medically induced methods are the most controversial of the two because a mother cannot control the natural circumstances of abortion, but medically induced methods are controllable and mothers hold full responsibility for endingRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it red uces crime by reducing the number of

Peter Lives With An Intellectual Disability Caused By Down...

becoming an adult was everything but a straightforward task for him. Peter lives with an intellectual disability caused by Down Syndrome. This diagnosis is a genetic disorder caused by chromosome pair twenty-one that often results in severe developmental and intellectual delays. Additionally, Peter has issues with a hyperactive thyroid, bursts of Obsessive-Compulsive disorder, depression, and developmental issues that caused a severe delay in his speech. Due to these several health issues, he has several behavior problems and this negatively impairs his social skills. Peter lacks the ability to portray his emotions to others, and this causes problems. He struggles with impulsivity, shouting out, and taking other children’s things from them. This can be seen in the sixth-grade lunchroom when Peter takes food from his classmates and then refuses to return it. Frustrated, the other kids move to another table and leave him to sit in isolation. Another example is his tendency to ig nore directions. When working in the laundry room, Peter thought it was entertaining to repeatedly switch the lights on and off. After being told to sit still until the dryer finished, he continues with his inappropriate behavior. Thus, he is eventually taken to the suspension room. In regards to how he acted around his teachers, it was generally acceptable. Peter tends to be satisfied until he doesn’t get his way. When told to do something other than what he has his mind set on, he screams and becomesShow MoreRelatedEssay on Living With Down Syndrome1846 Words   |  8 Pagesdiagnosed with Down syndrome. There are more than 250,000 people living in the United States with a Down syndrome diagnosis (Genetics). Down syndrome is not a hidden disability rather it has physical attributes that can make the diagnosis obvious. Furthermore, individuals with Down syndrome and their families have to cope with multiple health issues, cognitive limitations, and the stigma of having a d isability. In order to understand the struggle that people with Down syndrome must face from theRead MoreGene Visualisation, Part 2 Research And Development2406 Words   |  10 Pagesfunction, resulting in a genetic disorder. (3) There are three types of genetic disorders: Single-gene disorders, where one gene is affected (example: Sickle cell anemia), Chromosomal disorders – Where one chromosome is missing or changed (example: Down syndrome, that presents an extra chromosome) and Complex disorders, where one or two genes suffer mutation (example: Colon cancer) (NIH: National Library of Medicine, 2010) Figure 5: Sickle cell anemia (2011) Sickled cell anemia is a hereditaryRead MoreInclusion2223 Words   |  9 Pagesdevelopmental disability that affects the way in which a person communicates and relates to people around them’ (Wall, 2010. p. 7). Inclusive education Internationally, educational authorities are beginning to embrace a philosophy of inclusion in order to address their moral and social obligations to educate all children (Hodkinson, Vickerman, 2009). Inclusive education is concerned with the education and accommodation of all children within the classroom, regardless of their physical, intellectual, socialRead MoreGenetics, Disease Counseling4765 Words   |  20 Pagesand genetic counselor are probably the most important piece to the Trosack s care. They are choses as part of the interdisciplinary team because a geneticist is a physician who diagnoses, treats and counsels patients with genetic disorders or syndromes. This is where they will be given the most appropriate information about Tay Sach s disease, how it was contracted and what the symptoms and prognosis of the disease are. An in depth discussion to the couple should take place in order for themRead MoreEthical and Social Issues in Information Systems20165 Words   |à ‚  81 Pagesmoral dimensions of an information society and specific principles for conduct that can be used to guide ethical decisions. 3. Evaluate the impact of contemporary information systems and the Internet on the protection of individual privacy and intellectual property. 4. Assess how information systems have affected everyday life. CHAPTER OUTLINE 4.1 UNDERSTANDING ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES RELATED TO SYSTEMS A Model for Thinking About Ethical, Social, and Political Issues Five Moral Dimensions ofRead MoreSocial Legal and Economic Impact of Ebusiness in Ireland13799 Words   |  56 Pages Additionally, the assignment covers the Social, Legal and Economic Impact of eBusiness as these are the areas which have been most affected by the rapid development of eBusiness over the past 10-15 years. Within these areas, they have been broken down into the positive and negative aspects although in some cases, relevant points have both positive and negative aspects to them so I choose between them rather than duplicating a topic. Research Methods The following approach was taken to produce thisRead MoreImpacts of Information Technology on Individuals, Organizations and Societies21097 Words   |  85 PagesMovie Piracy Learning Objectives 17.1 Perspectives on IT Impacts 17.2 IT Is Eliminating the Barriers of Time, After studying this chapter, you will be able to: Space, and Distance Understand the changes that take place in the workplace and the lives of individuals when information technology eliminates geographical and spatial barriers. Describe some of the major impacts of information technology on individuals, organizations, and society. 17.3 Information Is Changing from a Scarce ResourceRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesof the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced student user Ask your local representative for details! Collaborate with your colleagues, find a mentor, attend virtual and live events, and view resources www.WhereFacultyConnect.com Pre-loaded, ready-to-use assignments and presentations www.wiley.com/college/quickstart Technical Support 24/7 FAQs, online chat, and phone support www.wileyplus.com/support Your WileyPLUSRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesInformation Center Management Recent Titles in Library and Information Science Text Series Library and Information Center Management, Sixth Edition Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran United States Government Information: Policies and Sources Peter Hernon, Harold C. Relyea, Robert E. Dugan, and Joan F. Cheverie Library Information Systems: From Library Automation to Distributed Information Access Solutions Thomas R. Kochtanek and Joseph R. Matthews The Complete Guide to Acquisitions ManagementRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pages1 Changing Nature of Human Resource Management 9 The aging of the population also is reflected in the occupational shifts noted previously. The growth in medically related jobs will be due primarily to providing care to older persons who will live longer and need greater medical care. Taken together, this aging issue means that HR professionals will continue to face significant staffing difficulties. Efforts to attract older workers through the use of part-time and flexible staffing will increase

Leadership in Context Free Essays

The â€Å"Ah Hal† moment is distributed leadership actually did happened in my past appointment as the Course Commander in the Engineer Training Institute (ET). Being selected in the appointment and the most senior in rank, I naturally assumed the position of the leader with my subordinates taking Instructions from me. However, for certain events such as organizing of unit’s Chinese New Year event, managing of officer cadets’ cohesion activities, and specific training packages, I delegated the planning to my team. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership in Context or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through the process, it was encouraging to see some of my instructors took the initiative to emerge as the assume leader to organize and successfully completed the task with minimum supervision. Despite being successful, I had also observed that my instructors’ Kim-Yin Chain et al. , Military Leadership in the 21st Century Science and Practice, 1st edition (Singapore: Coinage Learning Asia, 2011). Peg 148 2 Leonard Wong, Paul Bellies, and Dennis McGuire, â€Å"Military Leadership: A Context Specific Review,† US Army Research, January 1, 2003, http://adolescents. Nil. Due/ chrysanthemum/1 6. Peg 657-692. Reiterative in organizing the event could have been limited by my supervision at some point of time. Hence, It Is of my view that It Is Indeed possible that distributed leadership can be Implemented quite successfully In certain areas In SAFE. My post-action review Len- relation to the concept of Orpheus are being summarized in three points. Firstly, application of distr ibuted leadership can be applied in military context particularly for a small group who had attained a certain level of military competencies. It provides opportunities for a rotational leadership role, allowing any individual to merge as leader and to realize the rich potential as a group. Secondly, the empowerment given to the Individual must be respected and trusted to reduce their authority and leadership through a shared vision, mission and purpose. The concept will allow the group to generate greater passion and motivation to reach the desired outcome. Lastly, distributed leadership need to be carefully calibrated in a traditionally hierarchical organization to prevent the wrong impression of a laissez- fairer or no leadership approach. By planning forward, distributed leadership can be seed to enhanced specific core competencies skills 3 such as creative thinking, communicating to influence, decision making, develop people and team, developing the individual for success. Task 2: State the appointment that you are likely to be posted to after SC. Being a Combat Engineer by vocation, my next possible appointment might be taking over command in one of the battalion of Singapore Combat Engineer (SEE). I shall 3 SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004. SAFE Leadership Framework. 26 July 04. Provide my assessment and direction in accordance to â€Å"Circle† of the SAFE Leadership 417 Frameworks; mission and purpose, operating environment and desired outcome, to strive forward and achieve a collective vision for my unit. Mission and Purpose. From the theory of core ideology by Jim Collins and Jerry Operas, the core values and core purpose of great organization does not change. The unit’s mission and purpose in line with SAFE, in peacetime, is to safeguard our nation’s security, thereby ensuring Singapore survival ultimately. I will work to ensure that the unit perform the function of raise, train and sustain, and continues to be ready to play its role in arrangement Singapore security during my tour and for the foreseeable future. I would consider adopting the leadership in Battle and Garrisons that was taught in LLC lesson 8 in achieving the mission under differing s ituational requirements. Understanding the flexibility of the competing values and behaviors will first allow me to place emphasis in maintaining relevant in fulfilling the â€Å"swift and decisive victory’ part of the MINDED/SAFE mission and renewed the focus on the unit’s hotter capability, so as to set in place the building blocks for our evolving role in the future operating environment. 4 SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004. SAFE Leadership Framework. 26 July 04. Jim Collins and Jerry I. Operas, Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies 6 Reuben Gal and A. David Manageresses, Handbook of Military Psychology, 1 edition (Chester ; New York: Wiley, 1991). Peg. 411-429. 5 Operating Environment From LLC lesson 7 that organizational culture is important to the influence of leadership and vice versa. Edgar H. Scheme said † group growth and culture formation can be seen as two sides of the same coin, and both are the result of leadership activities and shared experiences†. 7 The operating environment of the unit is not Just being ready to handle any contingency but also being operationally proficient to carry out our security operations on a daily basis. Thus the unit needs to be operationally ready to face the continuous complex VI-CA environment. The unit will need to train the men to attain an approved level of technical competence on operating combat engineers’ equipments and honing the analytical functions of the commanders to operating in the various operating conditions. The unit culture will be â€Å"a pattern of hared, basic taken-for-granted assumptions, the culture will manifest itself at the level of observable artifacts and shared espoused beliefs and values†. To meet the demand and influencing the culture, I will take on the leadership by example to be the source of beliefs and values to gradually build a shared assumptions among the commanders and men in the unit. Desired Outcome My desired outcome is to develop an operational, cohesive and discipline unit, which is capable of maintaining safety and achieving mission success in a wide spectrum of operations. The unit should comprises of committed soldiers who are highly proficient in their tasks and proud of their identity as Combat Engineer soldiers. A few key factors to focus on to maintain high level of performance and competency are: (1) To display 7 Edgar H. Scheme, Organizational Culture and Leadership, 3rd Edition edition (San Francisco: Josses Bass, 2004). Peg 87-88 8 Ibid. Leadership by example. Leaders who â€Å"walks the talk† will enable his men and commanders to sense and be inspired by the actions and commitment. (2) To build quality relationships. I am also a firm believer of the Core Theory of Success 9, where laity results. (3) To instill a sense of purpose. Never â€Å"go through motion† and make clear of the purpose in the tasking so as to enable strong sense of ownership and foster a stronger commitment to the unit. Task 3: Identify and explain the key leadership requirements for my appointment. Values Figure 1 . SAFE 24-7 Leadership Frameworks Based on the SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework (refer to Figure 1), a SAFE leader will need the four factors provided within the triangular block for effective leadership. First key requirement is values which is the basic foundation of the triangle. A strong set of 9 John Steersman, Organizational Learning at Work: Embracing the Challenges of the New Work place (Waltham, Mass: Pegasus Communications, 1998). 10 Adapted from SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004, â€Å"SAFE Leadership Framework†, dated 26 July 2004. Peg values that SAFE leaders derive their moral strength for influencing their soldiers. 11. The importance of values cannot be overstated and hence my values need to be aligned with the SAFE core values to remain firm in my convictions and actions. Leadership is the process of influencing people. 2 1 will lead by example and exemplify the SAFE core values to positively influence my commanders and men. With the consistent inculcation of values, it will be a guide for everyone to do the right things regardless whether one is being watched or not. Full-Range Leadership – Balancing between Transactional and Transformational Figure 2: Relationship of ELM in the Military Context The next key requirement is leader ship styles. There is no single leadership style good enough for all situations and picking up three particular styles of leadership (I. E. Situational Leadership, Path-goal theory and Full Range model) from LLC lesson 5, it 11 SEA-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004, â€Å"SAFE Leadership Framework†, dated 26 July 2004. Peg 3 13 Adapted from APP Chain, K. Y. , LACE-02-Slides_Overview_Concepts_Appropriateness DARPA-22 – for STUDENTS APP. Slide 49. Was understood that the styles of leadership were often dependent of the leader, the follower and situations. I believe the full range leadership model is best suited for my next appointment and I need to balance the range of styles between transactional and transformational so that I can effectively communicate and lead as a Officer Commanding (CO) of a Battalion. Reaching for transformational leadership Tyler will likely to yield a positive and longer-lasting effects. Leadership, Management and Command Figure 2: Relationship of ELM in the Military Context Other than SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework, I will want to look at the concept of Leadership, Management and Command (ELM) (refer to Figure 2) from LLC lesson 2 to be one of the key requirement. ELM are three distinct concepts but inseparable and intertwined†1 5. Taking over a command appointment makes me dwell deeper into the LLC 14 Adapted from APP Chain, K. Y. , LOCO 15 Chain et al. Military Leadership in the 21st Century Science and Practice. Peg 8-14 concept. Looking beyond peacetime tasking and operations, although the application of all three concept are equally important, I will focus more on leadership role to influence soldiers by providing the purpose, direction and motivation that required to achieved mission success. 16 Task 4: My leadership strengths and weaknesses? Accord ing to my MYSELF report and matching the result with the SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework, I had clearly exhibited a value-based leadership and my strength in the core competency were mission, social and developmental. The results resonated well urine my appointment as Course Commander, with extremely tight training the end-of-course survey, highlighting areas like our instructors’ role modeling, value inculcation, individual development and mission focus. The positive feedbacks were good indications that my instructors understood their roles well and they were given opportunities to develop and lead with my guidance. Socially, I had displayed good interpersonal effectiveness and able to communicate to influence my team well. With strengths, there is also weakness. One of my weakest factor reported was inflexibility of my leadership style. Previously as Course Commander, I was not deeply exposed to the various leadership styles as compared to now in GAS SC. Then, I adopted a more consistent leadership style towards my trainees and my team thinking that a more homogeneous outcome in the inculcation of the SAFE core values was better. 16 Ibid However, I realized this might not be the most effective method to motivate and lead the team. An effective leaders are those who can shift between transactional and transformational leadership styles as required by circumstances and the characteristics of followers†17. How to cite Leadership in Context, Papers

Garry Marshall - Auteur Theory free essay sample

An auteur is a filmmaker whose movies are characterized by their creative influence. Garry Marshall is an American filmmaker, he has directed more than 15 films in his career. Garry Marshall’s films The Princess Diaries, Valentines Day and Overboard share a common theme of love and a genre of romance and comedy, he likes to use the same actors in his films and have the common plot of a double twist. Garry Marshall likes to keep to the same character persona and film techniques but these generalized similarities are not obvious to the audience, therefore Garry Marshall is not a recognizable Auteur. Romance and comedy are commonly used in combination as a genre in films. Garry Marshall prefers the romantic-comedy genre to entertain audiences as well as educate them on reality. His main message behind these films is that life is not a fairytale and it doesn’t always turn out the way it is planned or expected to. We will write a custom essay sample on Garry Marshall Auteur Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example in Valentines Day Reed proposes to his girlfriend on the morning of Valentines Day, he is overjoyed when she says yes until he comes home later on in the movie to find that she is leaving him. Another example is in The Princess Diaries when Mia’s life is turned upside down after she finds out that she is a princess, she soon learns that being a princess isn’t as easy as she thought it would be. While all of these films share a similarity in their message and the genre, Garry Marshall’s work is not instantly recognizable due to the fact that there are so many other films, directed by different filmmakers that are similar in their message and the genre. Love is a theme that is a favorite of Garry Marshall, this is evident throughout many of his films. He likes to use this theme in combination with the genre romance-comedy to entertain the audience and convey his message in a lighthearted, humorous manor. His main point is that love, like life is unexpected and it doesn’t always turn out as it is imagined. An example of this message is in the film Valentines Day when Reed and his best friend fall in love after their unpleasant breakups. Also in Overboard when Johanna, an exceedingly rich woman falls in love with Dean, a needy  carpenter. Likewise in The Princess Diaries Mia eventually realizes that even though Josh is the most popular boy in school, he isn’t really as extraordinary as he seemed. Although these films are all delivering a similar message, it is too small a similarity to make Garry Marshall an Auteur. Garry Marshall doesn’t like to have anything too complicated about a characters personality in his films. He likes to have a range of different personas in his movies. For example in The Princess Diaries the limousine driver Joseph has a very serious manner, he is always seen wearing black sunglasses and this gives him a mysterious and unknown outlook. Throughout the movie Joseph is always there for Mia. Like Joseph, in Overboard Johanna’s butler Andrew is a character that you don’t see much of, he is always very refined and proper. He is mostly seen waiting on Johanna. Both characters are not seen in the film much but very important to the film. In Overboard Johanna is presented as a very conceited woman, she is never happy with what she gets and is always seen ordering someone around, this makes her a very unlikable character. Like Johanna, the character in The Princess Diaries Lily has a bad attitude and likes things to be her way, she is very loud and has a dominating nature, this makes her unlikable by the audience. In both films the characters become more bearable when they become less self centered and focus on the well being of those around them. In Valentines Day Julia is portrayed as an innocent character, in this film she is very kind and loving, making her a likable character. Like Julia, in The Princess Diaries Mia is a very quiet, shy person, she is also portrayed as the innocent character that is liked by the audience. These two characters both have a point in the film where they get anxious and start to doubt themselves but in the end they overcome that doubt and make a decision that will change their lives. It is very important when choosing the actors for a film that the right ones are chosen and they fit the part. Garry Marshall prefers to use certain actors in his films. For example, New Years Eve, Valentines Day and The Princess Diaries all have similar actors, one that is common to all of them is Hector Elizondo, in all of these films he plays a character that doesn’t have much revealed about himself. Other actors that are common to these films are, Ashton Kutcher (Valentines Day and New Years  Eve), Jessica Biel (Valentines Day and New years Eve) and Anne Hathaway (Valentines Day and The Princess Diaries). Although these films all have common actors and similar characters but it is not evident to the audience, for that reason, Garry Marshall is not an Auteur. It is noticeable in these films that Garry Marshall has kept a similar plot. He likes to have a double twist and several complications throughout the film to keep the audiences interest. For example in The princess Diaries Mia has to overcome many problems along the way of becoming a princess, like her fear of public speaking, juggling school with princess lessons, keeping her identity a secret and then dealing with the madness when her school finds out about her heritage and finally making the decision whether to accept the responsibility of becoming a princess or to live a normal life. In Overboard Johanna has to make the giant leap from being a conceited rich woman to living in a second-rate home and becoming a mother. She has to overcome the expectations of her rich husband and her mother and come to terms with her new feelings for Dean. These similarities are very generalized and they are not evident to the audience, therefor it does not make Garry Marshall an auteur. It is evident when analyzing Garry Marshall films that he likes to use the same techniques during a scene including music, camera shots and scene transitions. Garry Marshall commonly uses Romantic, affectionate music that reflects the theme and genre and also indicates the mood to the audience, giving them a sense of what type of movie it will be. For example, in Valentines Day the song in the opening scene is titled ‘Hey I love you† by Michael Frantti, this creates a romantic, happy mood for the audience and reveals to them that it will be a film about love. In The Princess Diaries they have a very soft, flowy song that plays throughout the film, it gives the audience a calming feel and sense that everything is going to be okay. Even though both of these films have a similarity in music, it is still a small similarity and isn’t enough to make Garry Marshall a recognized Auteur. There are many small similarities between these Garry Marshall films but for an audience these similarities are too small and unrecognizable. An auteur  is a filmmaker whose movies are characterized by their own creative influence. Garry Marshall’s films are too mainstream in their creativeness for the genre, theme, plot and film techniques to make him an accepted auteur in society.

Brahms Clarinet Sonatas and Clarinet Quintet

Introduction Music is important in human life. Those who believe that music should be developed are right, still classical music will always remain the basic for all music trends. Listening to Bach, Mozart, and other famous contributors into the classical music, it becomes obvious that music is a miracle. Johannes Brahms is a prominent musician of his time. Additionally, his pieces of music are still remembered and many people love his performances.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Brahms: Clarinet Sonatas and Clarinet Quintet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Each piece of music has its own background, personal history and peculiarities connected with its composition. It is obvious that the time of music composition and the peculiarities of the personal condition impact the music outcome. The main purpose of this article is to dwell upon two pieces of music created by Johannes Brahms, Clarinet Quintet and Clarinet Sonata. We are going to consider the background for music creation including the historic period of time and personal life of the composer and discussing the peculiarities of music performance. Historical Background for Music Creation To begin with, it should be mentioned that listening to Clarinet Quintet in B minor, Op. 115 by Brahms one may easily create the parallels with Mozart’s clarinet quintet. These parallel points should be considered for better understanding of the historical background of music creation. Two compositions express melancholy, they both integrate clarinets by means of string texture, they both use clarinet as a solo instrument that was not really spread in that time. Therefore, it may be concluded that Mozart influenced the development of Brahms’ music and vision of this music. The tendency of the whole time period was regulated by Mozart’s vision of the music and his performances. Still, much attention should be paid to the epoch and personality of Johannes Brahms as even though music tendencies play much in composer’s development, vision of the music is really important. Much attention is paid to clarinet during the early 19th century. Colin James Lawson characterizes the time period as follows, â€Å"an age devoted to virtuosity the clarinet achieved a natural pre-eminence among wind instruments, whilst at the same time lending an important tone-color to the Romantic orchestra palette† (3).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Clarinets were used for solo and for quintets which may be considered as the time period tendency, but solo compositions were more appropriate during the second period of the 19th century. The main reasons of shift from quintets to solo compositions may be divided into political and social. From the political side, â€Å"many of the small courts were beginning absorbed into larger duchies or kingdoms, with a consequent loss in the number of the orchestras available† (Lawson 7) and from the social side, â€Å"the clarinet was becoming more accessible to a wider cross-section of general population, more an instrument of a drawing room or a small concert hall† (Lawson 7). Thus, having considered the historical situation in the society when Clarinet Quintet in B Minor, Op. 115 and Clarinet Sonata No. 1 and No. 2, Op. 120 were composed, the discussion of each of them should be completed for better vision of all of the peculiarities and specifics of sound. Clarinet Quintet in B Minor, Op. 115 Clarinet Quintet in B Minor, Op. 115 was composed by Johannes Brahms in 189 and this piece of music may be considered as the greatest achievement in chamber music. It worse mentioning that only few compositions were created in this manner by the time when Brahms created his quintet. Hoverer, Mozart’s piece of music had already been composed and it ma y be concluded that Brahms based his clarinet quintet on Mozart’s one. Richard Mà ¼hlfeld also influenced Brahms vision of the clarinet music. As the music he has composed encouraged Brahms for completing his already started piece (37). Dwelling upon this piece of music in detail, it should be mentioned that Clarinet Quintet in B Minor, Op. 115 consists of four movements, Allegro, Adagio, Andantino, and Con moto. The first movement begins with the strings and clarinet appears only in the middle of the piece of music. The melancholic mood supports while the whole composition. The second movement begins with the relaxing melody of clarinet and then shifts to the gloomy atmosphere. The clarinet sound introduces technical runs by means of playing from all ranges. The third movement is the shortest and is played like the first one (in the same mood). To the point, this piece is played similarly as the first one with the only difference that it is performed in a 2/4 meter. The fin al forth movement is the most impressive due to high number of variations. It does not look like any particular piece if compared to the previous movements. The final notes are described as a loud chord which fades away unexpectedly.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Brahms: Clarinet Sonatas and Clarinet Quintet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clarinet Sonata No. 1 and No. 2, Op. 120 Johannes Brahms dedicated his Clarinet Sonata No. 1 and No. 2, Op. 120 to Richard Mà ¼hlfeld, a person who impacted Brahms’ compositions greatly. The history of this composition is really interesting. Brahms promised to retire from composing in 1891. But, he could not keep this promise as his friendship with Richard Mà ¼hlfeld impacted him greatly. Frà ¤ulein Klarinette was one of the greatest impacts which encouraged Brahms for composing his Clarinet Sonata No. 1 and No. 2 (). The Clarinet Sonata No. 1 consists of the foll owing movements, Allegro appassionato, Andante un poco Adagio, Allegretto grazioso, and Vivace. Clarinet Sonata No. 2 consists of the following movements, Allegro amabile, Allegro appassionato-Sostenuto-Tempo I, and Andante con moto – allegro. The piece of music is played with tragic melancholy, the old bachelor music may be heard. The sounds of waltz in this piece are explained by the genre popularity during the time when the music was composed and these notes may be easily heard in Brahms’s sonata. The meter of the composition changes from part to part, from movement to movement (2/4 and 3/4 meter. Generally, the composer uses moderate tempo. People consider some of the parts of the piece of music performed as intermezzos, but I can see only lightness (even gracefulness). Conclusion Therefore, it may be concluded that e pieces of music created by Johannes Brahms was composed after a small period in his work, after he promised to retire. However, the desire to create music was much greater. Johannes Brahms composed his clarinet pieces of music according to the tendencies which were in the society. Having created a clarinet quintet, he shifted to sonatas which were more appropriate in the later period of time. Two people impacted Johannes Brahms, Mozart and Mà ¼hlfeld and both these people may be seen as the contributors to the compositions completed by Brahms. Each of the pieces of music is unique and each of them is a great contribution to the world of music both during the period of time when they were composed and now. Works Cited Lawson, Colin James. Brahms, clarinet quintet. Cambridge University Press, 1998. Print. McClelland, Ryan C. Brahms and the scherzo: studies in musical narrative. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2010. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Brahms: Clarinet Sonatas and Clarinet Quintet was written and submitted by user PuppetMaster to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Comeback Of TB

Executive Summary: The return of our nation’s biggest killer in the 1900’s is re-emerging in its most powerful form ever seen. Tuberculosis (TB) faded off America’s screens in the 1950’s as the invention of antibiotics became the problem solver. As problems with the disease became domestically solved, funding for the cause decreased under the assumption that other areas would begin to win the fight against TB as well. They never did. Currently new strains of multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB are now the world’s biggest killer, second only to the AIDS virus. Explanations of how TB returned are present, as well as explanations of the areas in most dire need of attention. The synergistic effects that AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases can have on TB are explained. Current program implementations, domestically and internationally, are discussed with special attention diverted to the Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) program. An example of what the author believes to be an effective research design, with respect to the nature of MDR-TB, is included as well. HOW THE OLD THREAT CAME BACK AS A NEW THREAT: In the early 1900’s and throughout the industrial revolution, the number one leading cause of death among Americans was Tuberculosis (TB), also called the â€Å"consumption† by which many people knew it to be called. It took many people by surprise, initially introducing itself with fever, flu or cold-like symptoms. Eventually it progresses so that it consumes its victims to the point where the disease causes them to perish in their own bodily fluids. The disease floods the lungs with fluids, making it very difficult to breathe until the body can no longer fight the bacteria that has permeated its system. In 1882 Robert Koch discovered the disease-causing agent, known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacillus form of bacteria can be present in two forms. One form is the active and contagious form of t... Free Essays on The Comeback Of TB Free Essays on The Comeback Of TB Executive Summary: The return of our nation’s biggest killer in the 1900’s is re-emerging in its most powerful form ever seen. Tuberculosis (TB) faded off America’s screens in the 1950’s as the invention of antibiotics became the problem solver. As problems with the disease became domestically solved, funding for the cause decreased under the assumption that other areas would begin to win the fight against TB as well. They never did. Currently new strains of multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB are now the world’s biggest killer, second only to the AIDS virus. Explanations of how TB returned are present, as well as explanations of the areas in most dire need of attention. The synergistic effects that AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases can have on TB are explained. Current program implementations, domestically and internationally, are discussed with special attention diverted to the Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) program. An example of what the author believes to be an effective research design, with respect to the nature of MDR-TB, is included as well. HOW THE OLD THREAT CAME BACK AS A NEW THREAT: In the early 1900’s and throughout the industrial revolution, the number one leading cause of death among Americans was Tuberculosis (TB), also called the â€Å"consumption† by which many people knew it to be called. It took many people by surprise, initially introducing itself with fever, flu or cold-like symptoms. Eventually it progresses so that it consumes its victims to the point where the disease causes them to perish in their own bodily fluids. The disease floods the lungs with fluids, making it very difficult to breathe until the body can no longer fight the bacteria that has permeated its system. In 1882 Robert Koch discovered the disease-causing agent, known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacillus form of bacteria can be present in two forms. One form is the active and contagious form of t...

Employment Law Compliance Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employment Law Compliance Plan - Essay Example Additionally, Stonefield stated that he intends to have at least 25 employees during the first year of business operations. Therefore, this memorandum seeks to identify the most relevant employment laws that Stonefield must be concerned about when creating a compliance plan. The first and most critical employment law that Stonefield must be aware as he seeks to start a limousine business in Austin, Texas is the Texas Payday Law. This is because noncompliance with this law can attract a heavy penalty on the part of Stonefield as an employer. The law provides protection to employees who have not been paid all the salaries due to them. The Texas Payday Law is applicable to all businesses that are conducted in Texas with the exception of public employers. According to this law, any employee who feels that his or her employer has not paid all his earned wages in full can bring a complaint against the employer with the Texas Workforce Commission within 180 days after the date that the wages not yet paid became in arrears for payment. The commission will then takes up the matter and investigate it. As such, in the event that the Commission rules in favor of a worker, the employer can be required to pay up to $1,000 in damages for noncompliance with the Texas P ayday Law (Attorney General of Texas, 2013). Similarly, in the case that the Commission finds that the employee acted in bad faith, then the employee who filed the complained may also be required to pay the same amount as damages. Additionally, the Texas Payday Law also spell out how employers are supposed to compensate employees, which can either be monthly on weekly depending on the method that an employer deems appropriate. According to the Texas Payday Law, it is not a requirement that an employer pay a worker for lunches, vacation, and breaks. Nevertheless, all employers regardless of the size of the business are required by the law to compensate their employees for attending

An Research about Relationship among Fashion Life Style Dissertation

An Research about Relationship among Fashion Life Style - Dissertation Example The paper "An Research about Relationship among Fashion Life Style" examines consumer psychology. The Chinese economy has grown at a very fast pace in the past decades resulting in a high number of affluent and middle class consumers. With phenomenal growth in the number of affluent households China has now become the third largest consumer market for luxury goods. However, the affluent consumers in China do not necessarily fall under one consumer segment. While different regions within China have consumers with different levels of affluence, the consumption behaviours of these consumers also vary. GEOLIA, founded in 1985, is a ladies’ fashion brand headquartered in China. Their vision is to discover, to live and to share a fashionable and healthy lifestyle with their customers. They offer quality, trendy products at affordable prices and have easily accessible distribution network. Their customers comprise of ladies between mid-twenties to early thirties who are at that phase in their lives when values and lifestyle are cultivated. The brand aims to partner with their customers in grooming their personal styles both in fashion and everyday life. Brand GEOLIA is impressed upon the Chinese consumer’s mind as the friendly women’s apparel brand. A consumer behavior model proposed by Hawkins et al (2004) reflects the effect of self concept and life style on consumer behavior. The self-concept and lifestyle influence the needs and desires; these needs and desires can be satisfied through consumption. Lifestyle involves multiple levels and it is determined by people’s individual characters, past experience and current condition. Lifestyle keeps changing with changes in the internal and external environment. As consumer fashion life style and self concept increases consumer purchase intention becomes more powerful (Ahmad et al., 2010). Consumer Purchase Consumer purchase has become a leisure activity and is used to enhance social status. Th is is based on the concept of the self and a material symbol of who a person is and how he/she would like to be known (Dittmar and Drury, 2000). Clothing and fashion are the medium through which people express their identity (Rathnayake, 2011). Fashion and clothing display how a person would like to, in other words, the person’s self concept. Self-concept Self concept has received considerable importance in marketing literature as it can significantly impact consumers’ decision making and product and brand choices (Ye, Bose and Pelton, 2012). The theory of self-concept suggests that consumers prefer products that are consistent with their self-image and hence the brand or product can enhance their self-image. The self-congruity theory suggests that the self-concept is dynamic and conflicting traits may exist in an individual’s self-concept. Fashion and Fashion Consciousness Fashion has been defined as â€Å"a way of behaving that is temporarily adopted by a dis cernible proportion of members of a social group because that chosen behavior is perceived to be socially appropriate for the time and situation† (Sproles cited in Chen, Shang and Lin, 2008). People like to be perceived as trendy and hence would follow the trend that the group follows. With the inclination to follow the fashion trend they may tend to neglect their own personal feelings and

Ethical issues in advertising

Ethical issues in advertising ETHICAL ISSUES IN ADVERTISING INTRODUCTION Human beings create a number of different worlds. One of the worlds that human beings have created is the world of money, trade, commodities and exchange. To an outsider, this often feels like a world full of beauty and ugliness in equal proportions messy, flashy, exotic and sometimes even scary. Advertisers are often so engrossed with the nitty-gritty of the profession and dealing with as well as outsmarting competition, that they are unable to observe and comprehend this phenomenon. The business arena can be viewed as the world of buyers and sellers, producers and consumers, bosses and workers, a world of money. It is in effect nothing less than an ontological category – A Way of Being. It is not accidental to who we are, but rather, it defines the way we relate to each other as well as to the world around us. However, we must realise that it is not the be-all and end-all, and that there are other ways of Being; the most fundamental of these being Ethics. As per Geoffrey Klempner, Ethics is defined by an â€Å"I-thou† relationship as follows: â€Å"When I engage another person in moral dialogue, there are not two parallel processes of practical deliberation going on, his and mine, but only one. â€Å" This is in clear contrast with the case of a dialogue between traders or politicians, where each is privately deliberating as to how to gain the upper hand. In the former case, one is already committed to the practical consequences of agreement, and of doing the action which by the combined light of both the parties valuational perspective, is seen as the thing to be done. Human beings can belong to more than one world, or even move between worlds. We live in the marketplace and also outside of it. We can either play the various roles assigned to us in the game, or we can step outside of our economic personae and observe ourselves from an ethical point of view. Geoffrey Klempner has put forward three propositions as a prolegomenon to a philosophy for business: Business and commerce take place in a frame, in an arena defined by unwritten rules Normalethics is suspended within the business arena The aim of a philosophy for a business is to understand the rules that define the business arena, i.e. to grasp from an ethical perspective, as tohow business is possible When we claim that in the business world normal ethics is suspended, we do not deny the validity of rules of conduct, such as honesty and fairness. Without these universal rules and these values, the game could not be played. However, these obligations do fall far short of the demands of ethics. Advertising plays a major role in consumer marketing. It enables companies to meet their communication as well as other marketing objectives. Advertising is typically used to inform, persuade, and remind consumers. More importantly, it reinforces their attitudes and perceptions. For decades, advertising has been a target of criticism. It has been hailed as an engine of free market economy, a capitalistic virtue, as, and as a promoter of consumer welfare. On the other hand, its detractors accuse it of an array of sins ranging from sexism to deceit and manipulation, as an economic waste to purveying of harmful products, from triviality to moral and intellectual pollution (Mittal, 1994). Many see advertising as a threat to the self realization and to the cultural identity of the developing countries, since: It brings to many people alien ethical values It may deviate consumer demands in the developing countries to areas which might inhibit development priorities It affects and can also often deform ways of life and lifestyles(Mac Bride, 1980) Advertising is considered unethical in the following scenarios: It degrades the rivals product or a substitute product It gives misguiding information/false information It conceals information that vitally affects human life (e.g. Side effects of drugs) It makes exaggerated claims It is obscene or immoral or is against the broad national interest Even though comparative advertising may be considered legal and given the fact that its widespread use may have granted it acceptance, the debate on whether it is ethical or not, still continues to rage. There is however no unanimity or common ground among advertising professionals and marketing clients with regards to such questionable practices. However, all of them agree to this one aspect, that while considering the question of unethical practices, the focus needs to be to safeguard the interest of buyers at the micro level and of the society at the macro level, since their satisfaction remains the key to marketing success. The criticism has not been limited only to its intended effects on society, but also extends to its unintended effects. Most of the criticism has come from the elite observers of society. In contrast to this however, the general public has historically viewed advertising in a much more positive way. Criticisms of advertising have generally originated from the highest socio-economic classes. Since the earliest days of what now entails the modern marketing era and before, lower and middle class people have historically been more positive towards advertising. (Bauer Greyser, 1968; Fullerton Nevett, 1986; Steiner, 1976; Zanot, 1984). In India, we are still unaware of the extent to which these intellectual criticisms reflect the more widely held consumer beliefs and attitudes. To understand the viewpoints and opinions of the Indian public, we must examine as to how advertising is perceived in terms of its economic, social and ethical impacts. BENEFITS OF ADVERTISING Advertising is omnipresent in todays world, with a large proportion of human and also material resources are devoted to the field of advertising. Advertising has a number of benefits, which we can classify under the following heads: Economic Benefits of Advertising Advertising plays a very important role in the process by which an economic system is guided by moral norms and is responsive to the common good that contributes to human development. It is an essential part of the functioning of the modern market economies, which exist, or are emerging in many different parts of the world as well as those which seem to be the most efficient instrument for effective utilization of resources and also for effectively responding to the needs of different socio-economic kinds. Benefits of Political Advertising As a free and a responsible media, in a democratic system, it helps to counteract the tendencies towards monopolization of power on the part of oligarchies and also the special interests. Thus, political advertising can make a significant contribution by informing people about the policy proposals and the ideas of parties and their candidates, also including new candidates who were hitherto unknown to the public. Cultural Benefits of Advertising Advertisers have the opportunity to exert a strong influence on decisions pertaining to media content. They do so by supporting the material of excellent aesthetic, intellectual as well as moral quality that is presented with the greater interest of the public, and is particularly done by encouraging and making it possible for media presentations to be oriented towards those minorities whose needs go unnoticed and thus un-served. Moral and Religious Benefits of Advertising It has often been seen, that benevolent social institutions, including institutions of a religious nature, make in-depth use of advertising in order to communicate their messages. These may be messages of faith, messages of patriotism, messages of tolerance, or even messages of compassion and neighbourly service. The advertised messages may be those of charity towards the needy, messages concerning health and education, as well as constructive and helpful messages that not only educate, but also motivate people in a variety of ways. High involvement in all aspects of media-related activities, including advertising, has today become an essential part of a highly comprehensive pastoral strategy. ETHICS IN ADVERTISING Advertisings visible social role makes it a target for criticism. Some of todays customers believe that a great deal of advertising is unethical because: It adds to the price of the products It is untruthful It tricks people It targets vulnerable people Numerous advertising-related issues are often left to the discretion of the advertisers and are based on ethical concerns: Advocacy à   Advertising tries to persuade the audience to do something that is not correct. It is not objective or neutral. Accuracy à   Subtle messages trouble critics, especially when aimed at groups such as children, the elderly or the disabled. Acquisitiveness à   Consumers are continually persuaded that they continually need more and more new products. However, consumers make the final decision. ETHICAL ISSUES PREVELANT IN ADVERTISING Even though a section of the media and the public lambasted the advertisers and the advertising agencies for the falling scores of decency and taste in advertising, such advertisements raged on and they have now become the order of the day. Brands that were far-fetched from carnality have started showing all-consuming lust in their advertisements. This trend is prevalent in India as well. It began when on 23rd July 1995, a Mumbai tabloid published a photograph of an advertisement for Tuff shoes that showed models Milind Soman and Madhu Sapre, posing in the nude with a python wrapped around them, just about covering the vitals. The protests and controversy dragged on for a long time. The nation pooh-poohed the audacity of the couple, while the advertisement agencies defended their creative rights. The slogan of advertisers now-a-days is â€Å"Love it. Or Hate it. Or think it is offensive. But you have to notice it.† Advertising is largely criticized since selling carries a stigma. Centuries ago, Anacharis had said, the market is a place set aside where men may deceive each other†. Even to this date despite the significant rise in consumerism and despite the efforts to counter market deception, buyers are still gullible and are not particularly on the guard against deception. Under intense competition and declining profits, the perspective of organizations shifts from what is best for the society in the long run, to what is best for the company in the short-run. The advertisers claim that ethics are fine for the secure however all the slipping that a company needs is the desire for a greater market share. Since advertising pertains to a large audience, it belongs refers to the 4th quadrant of the grid shown below. Thus, the question to be asked by advertisers is, â€Å"What makes a good society?† Advertising thus must address the most controversial, collective level welfare issues. ADVERTISING AREAS THAT COME UNDER THE SCRUTINY OF ETHICS Advertising ethics affects both the practice of our lives and of business, in subtle as well as prominent ways. Ethics in advertisements concern us all in one way or the other. The areas under the scrutiny of the critics are: TYPES OF ADVERTISEMENTS For sex related products Instead of generating awareness among people about the necessity of safe sex and the benefits of birth control, condom advertisements continue to intrigue the audience and especially the youth with the unique feel that it has to offer. E.g. Moods Condoms For health care and professional services The slimming centres which promise miraculous weight reduction and the cosmetic surgery clinics which assure a permanent solution to all beauty problems. E.g. VLCC Slimming Centre For vices with fatal effects Tobacco chewing ads Commercials of alcoholic beverages that tempt the non-alcoholics to have a sip Gambling In early 2001, the Government of India announced that it would table a bill banning the tobacco companies from advertising their products and from sponsoring sports and cultural events. This example brings to the fore both the commercial and ethical dimensions of such a ban. It helps us to understand the role of ethics in a business decision and to understand where to draw the line in making decisions, which involve both ethical and commercial considerations. The element of social responsiveness as well as social responsibility attached to a business ethics dimension results in corporate strategy or even in formulating a business policy. Thus, we see that the connotation of ethics goes beyond the illegal acts of professional managers or even entrepreneurs. It covers the entire gamut of business operation, including ethics in advertising. PUFFERY Puffery refers to the exaggerated claim of a products superiority or it could also be the use of subjective/vague statements that may not be true in the literary sense. The Uniform Commercial Code is responsible for standardizing sales and business practices throughout the U.S. It makes a distinction between puffery as well as any specific or quantifiable statement about the product quality or the performance that constitutes an â€Å"express warranty.† For example, a diner advertisement promoting what it claims to be the worlds best cup of coffee would classify as puffery. Such a claim would be almost impossible to substantiate, and no reasonable consumer would fall for it and take such an exaggeration at its face value. Puffery often makes use of the superlative form of a word, like best or greatest. Puffery might also at times exaggerate the advertised effects of a particular product. SUBLIMINAL ADVERTISING One that is transferred in such a way that the receiver is not consciously aware of receiving it. Subliminal means something that registers below the level of the conscious human mind. The brain perceives all the information in theory however the mind does not interpret the information for a meaning. Numerous studies indicate that quite often, we actually do perceive information at the subliminal level. A good example would be as to how often one would notice when the speedometer in the car is about to roll over to a bunch of zeroes. One doesnt consciously notice the mileage on the car ever so often, but the zeroing does make us pay attention. While driving to work, how many cars do we pass? What makes and models were they a part of? The only ones that we paid particular attention to were most probably the really neat cars or those cars which were driven by the people we recognize. If we notice something consciously, then it ceases to be subliminal anymore. Inserting subliminal messages in advertisements is an inherently misleading action. It involves an attempt to manipulate the thinking of a person, without the person even realizing it. The West has seen a considerable number of subliminal advertisements and related hullabaloos. This is primarily because the advertisement, marketing and the regulating media themselves have been quite active while raising such issues. During the US Presidential elections of the year 2000, it was found that a political advertisement for the candidature of George W. Bush subliminally flashed the word RATS while criticizing candidate Al Gores plan for prescription medicine. While the ad maker was prompt in denying that the quickly flashed word was in fact a subliminal message designed to sling mud at Gore, a large number of people, however, had concluded that RATS was indeed inserted with the surreptitious intention of subliminally causing the viewers to associate Al Gore with vermin. The questionable wo rd appeared on the screen only for a microsecond, thus passing by so fast that it was almost not recognizable to the conscious mind, especially when the mind was already passively lulled by television. As per the theory of subliminal advertising, the image would, actually register in the viewers subconscious mind, thus causing the viewer to negatively associate candidate Al Gore with a rat/rodent. TYPES OF APPEALS IN ADVERTISEMENTS Use of questionable appeals The advertisements that bank on negative appeal and fear like neighbours envy, feud, jealousy etc. are part of this category. Nimbus Neo Sports (Neo) had bagged the telecast rights for the India-West Indies and also the India-Sri Lanka series to be held in India. In January 2007, an ad campaign was launched by Nimbus with the pay-off line being Its tough being a West Indian in India. One of the advertisements in this series showed a West Indian desperately searching for some water to quench his thirst, as his palette is unable to handle the spicy Indian food. However, the Indians put their dirty fingers and their dentures into the water in order to deny him from having a drink. Another advertisement showed a West Indian couple along with an Indian boatman, on a boat-ride. On reaching the centre of the deep lake, the boatman throws the oars into the lake and then disrobes; giving the impression that he would assault the girl. Then, he jumps into the lake leaving the distraught couple stuck in the middle of the lake. Media experts have opined that what according to Nimbus was a creative way of showcasing the competitive spirit in India, as well as creating hype around its new sports channel, had actually trod the fine line between creative and unconventional advertising and respecting the ethical sensibilities of the people. It was felt by some critics that the two advertisements that were shown in the campaign, were in bad taste and also was offensive, since it showed people being mistreated, on the basis of colour/nationality. The advertisements were also criticized for showing Indians in bad light as India has always been known for its hospitality. Stereotypical appeals This includes sexual or racial stereotyping. Advertisements that imply that a woman, whether in the kitchen or in the boardroom, must look sensuous and inviting under any given circumstances, is an apt example of advertisements creating stereotypes. The fairness creams are also responsible for stereotyping the dusky women as being socially less desired for marriage. Other stereotypes that are often portrayed and concretized through advertisements are: Racial Ethnic Stereotypes Senior Citizens Gay Lesbian Consumers LARGER EFFECTS ON THE SOCIETY Given their wide reach and influence on the audience, we must realise that advertisements have significant impact on society in the long run: Value formation Advertisements are responsible for moulding society and the material wants of the people. The advertisements which display scantily clad female models in effect commoditize women. Moreover, the deluge of advertisements that increase ones propensity of consumption makes one feel that it is essential to possess a certain commodity in order to show that one belongs to a particular section (generally, higher echelon) of the society. Media content This refers to the information content of advertisements. Those advertisements which suggest the usage of preserved food items without even the slightest mention of the fact that many of the preservatives used have been proved to have carcinogenic effects are part of this category. Use of deception The advertisements of brands which conceal their negative aspects are included in this category. An example of this is the advertisements of cosmetics which say nothing at all about the long-term effects of using their products on a regular basis. Also, the advertisements of various educational institutes that wrongly claim to provide 100 percent placement to their students fall into this category. Advertisements targeting children and adolescents The advertisements that target the vulnerability of the adolescents and the children result in the creation of role models whom these kids are expected to emulate. This in turn shapes their dreams and aspirations in a truly unbecoming way. ADVERTISERS CONCERN Voice/Tone of the advertisement Comparative advertisements that thrive on inflicting vitriolic attacks on rivals are an example of this category. Copying of ideas and plagiarising of advertisements in the ad world is another such menace. Impediments to research on Ethics in Advertising There exist certain impediments to research on advertising ethics: Lack of practitioner interest Research is often impeded by the inapplicability of published findings to the business operations. Another reason for the same might be the disinterest of corporations in sponsoring research on advertising ethics as also is the funding constraint that cause researchers to rely only on a convenience sample. Lack of sound measures and framework Research is also impeded by a lack of psychometrically sound measurement scales and also a lack of theoretical frameworks in the field of advertising/marketing. Lack of relevant theories in related disciplines Research is also sometimes hampered by theoretical shortcomings in the fields of psychology, sociology, anthropology, management, philosophy and advertising/ marketing. Lack of academic interest Research is often impeded by the lack of a journal editor and the difficulty that researchers face when trying to relate ethical issues to the traditional advertising issues. Why be ethical? During the 83rd Annual Management Conference of the American Association of Advertising Agencies, Keith Reinhardt, the Chairman and the Chief Executive of the US $15-billion company DDB Worldwide Communications Group, quoted the legendary co-founder of DDB, Bill Bernbach: All of us who professionally use the mass media are the shapers of the society. We can vulgarize that society. We can brutalize it. Or we can help lift it onto a higher level. It might be misconstrued that Reinhad is against the edgy and the unconventional advertising means, however, that is not the case. He is against prurient sex, filthy humour and violence in advertisements. By making a success story out of the advertisements that are offensive to public decency, the message being put forth is disturbingly clear: the more rude and shocking you can be, the more successful you will be in advertising your product. Moreover, such advertisements send out faulty signals to the youngsters who represent and shape the future of our society. The people to blame for this are young creative directors who take pride in their eccentric thought process. Not only this, but the advertising industry also encourages this through machineries from Cannes to Clios that help place such creations on the pedestal. Passion is, without doubt, the most important ingredient in creative achievement. However, its flame need not necessarily leap for bullets, obscenity and falsehoods alone. It is essential to reinforce the virtue of positive passion in todays advertising world. It is imperative that ethics is a part of advertising, since we have a duty to live a good and fulfilling moral life. This duty is equally applicable to our business lives as well as our private lives. Marketing professionals also know that strong ethics do bring in good business. REGULATORY FACTORS AFFECTING ADVERTISING LEGISLATION The Federal Trade Commissions main focus regarding advertising is to identify and eliminate advertisements that are deceptive or those that mislead the consumer. The key areas of concern in this regard are: Deception The current policy on deception contains three basic elements: Where there is omission, practice or representation, there must be a high probability that it will mislead the consumer A â€Å"reasonable customers† perspective is used to judge deception The deception must lead to material injury As is evident from these basic elements, deception, in most cases becomes difficult to prove. Thus, even though an advertisement might be indulging in deceptive practices that do not strictly fall under the purview of the above mentioned elements, it cannot be prohibited. Reasonable basis for making a claim The reasonability of a claim is decided on a case-by-case basis. The following factors are taken into consideration in this regard: Type specificity of the claim made Type of product Possible consequence of the false claim The degree of reliance by consumers on the claim made The type and accessibility of the evidence available for making the claim Comparative Advertising Comparative advertising refers to an advertisement in which a particular product/service mentions the name of the competitor for the purpose of showing why the competitor is inferior to the product which is naming it. Comparative advertising by companies are on some occasions used to put down products of rival firms, without any basis or facts. This leads to unhealthy competition in the marketplace. Comparative advertising is considered deceptive unless: Comparisons made are based on facts The differences that are being advertised are statistically significant The comparisons made involve meaningful issues The comparisons are made to meaningful competitors In the 1980s during the period that has been now referred to as thecola wars,the soft drinkmanufacturerPepsiran a series of advertisements in which t showed people caught on hidden camera, and administered a blind taste test, chose Pepsi over arch rivalCoca-Cola. Endorsements An endorser or a testimonial refers to any advertising message that consumers believe reflects the opinions, beliefs or experiences of an individual, a group, or an institution. Endorsers must: Be qualified by experience or training to make judgements They must actually use the product SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY As per Phillip Kotler, â€Å"An organizations Task is to determine the needs, wants and interests of the target markets and to deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than its competitors in a way that preserves or enhances the consumers and the societys Well-Being.† Thus we see that organizations do have a responsibility towards society, apart from achieving their individual profit targets. An organization can exhibit two levels of social responsibility: Level One à   Being socially responsible is a business philosophy Level Two à   The advertiser is engaged in Pro-social Messaging An organization also exhibits different approaches to social responsibility: Obstructionist Stance à   Organization does as little as possible i.e. exhibits a low degree of social responsibility Defensive Stance à   Organization does only what is legally required Accommodative Stance à   Organization meets legal ethical requirements and sometimes also goes beyond what is required Proactive Stance à   Organization seeks opportunities to be socially responsible i.e. exhibits a high degree of social responsibility There are also different levels of Self Regulation that are often seen in organizations: Self-Discipline à   An organization develops, uses and enforces the norms by itself Pure Self Regulation à   The industry is the one which develops, uses and enforces norms Co-Opted Self Regulation à   Industry voluntarily involves non-industry people in the development, application and enforcement of norms UNETHICAL ADVERTISING ON THE INTERNET http://www.rubak.com/article.cfm?ID=13 CONCLUSION Thus, we have seen the various types of advertisements that fall under the purview of unethical advertising, and have also seen the far reaching effects of the circumvention of ethics and morals on the society at large. Wherever freedom of speech and communication exists, it is then largely up to the advertisers themselves in order to ensure that ethically responsible practices are being conducted in their profession. Besides avoiding abuses and falling out of line with the ethical dimension of advertising, the responsible advertiser should also make it a point to undertake the repair and the harm sometimes caused by advertising. Since unethical practices have become commonplace, conscientious advertisers must take it upon themselves to make significant personal sacrifices in order to correct them. However, people who want to do things that are morally right must be prepared to suffer loss and also at times personal injury, rather than doing what is wrong. This does not mean that adv ertising, as we know of it today, be eliminated from the contemporary world. Advertising is an integral element in modern day society, especially with regards to the functioning of a market economy, which is becoming more and more widespread. Moreover, as described in the report earlier, advertising can, and often does play a fairly constructive role in the exchange of information, economic growth, and the ideas, and also in the fostering of solidarity among groups as well as individuals. Despite this, we must keep in mind, that it can als

Postmodernism and Multimedia Essay

The premises of postmodernism include the spread of globalization, deviation from the â€Å"universal truth†, non-linearity and flexibility and that it can be closely associated with computer technology. These premises can be found and embodied in today’s multimedia. Multimedia itself can be considered a postmodern creation because of the nonlinearity in its creation, storage and distribution especially with the advent of the World Wide Web and other technological advances (Phillips c. 2003). Multimedia is also an entertainment form that branches in different directions, deconstructing and reconstructing the experiences to suit different individual tastes. It links different sections and components, making the media more interactive and more convenient for the audience as they go through the sections of their choosing. This proves its nature true as an integration of multiple media that can multiply the impact of the message/s the multimedia would want to impart to its audiences (Pant 1999). Multimedia methodology and production itself can be said to be generally postmodern because of the technologies and the demands they need to adapt to in order to satisfy the demands of the today’s market. Postmodernism, is, thus the heart of this era’s multimedia methodology and production. The methodology and production of multimedia is a process that involves multiple steps that include conceptualization, development, preproduction, production, postproduction, and documentation with each phase being further subdivided into different activities (Pant 1999). Conceptualization and development, mostly take a linear approach (though these may become non-linear depending on the medium of technology it should be adapted to), but the preproduction, production, postproduction and documentation stages get more complicated as the multimedia reaches more audiences. This is where postmodern methods, like non-linearity, enters in. This is a case in point in movies, wherein, after the theaters, they go to the DVD. In the DVD, they get reproduced by adding commentary tracks, behind-the-scenes documentaries, deleted scenes and outtakes which involve the stages from production to documentation (Owczarski 2007). Because of the new edits to DVDs and other media such as downloadable videos, the media has been made to be more interactive with a click of a button and lends to its non-linear quality. Tied into its production and methodology, the different sections that are being inputted into the multimedia are not created linearly and are edited into the work piecemeal depending on the market’s demands and the playfulness of the media produced. The multimedia are not only transmitted through the Internet and DVD but are also being distributed non-linearly to other mediums such as the mobile phones and other devices that makes creators go back and forth in the production process making it spiral rather than linear in order to accommodate the demands of technology and the public and still having almost the same experience in the end. Flexibility is also very evident in today’s multimedia as evidenced by different mediums where they are presented in. Some of the most popular mediums are online streaming sites such as YouTube. While traditional media uses video cameras to create videos, postmodern methods use different technologies to create videos devoid of the professional touch. As stated by Ann Hornday in her study of the phenomenon of the public’s production of their own media contributions, â€Å"The mobile phone camera has introduced a whole new version of variety, delivering spontaneous, intimate, unedited footage. At their best, these slices of life – devoid of structural conceits and often of narration – transport viewers to places and situations they would never otherwise be privy to. And they can land unexpected emotional punches. No CNN report and few feature-length documentaries could capture the stark terror of a two-minute video recently uploaded to Metacafe. com, in which a U. S. Army convoy on a routine run dodges a bomb on an Iraq street† (2007). Such is the nature of today’s multimedia. Postmodernism in multimedia has expanded the experiences of audiences around the globe because of its introduction of the idea of versatility; being able to explore different environments that would otherwise be closed off to traditional media. As today’s technologies demand more portability and accessibility, multimedia has adapted to become more flexible to the growing requirements of its consumers. Some of these technologies come in the form of handheld technologies such as PDAs and mobile phones which have varying and more compact requirements. Since the requirements of these small and less complicated devices are different from those stated above, the creation of multimedia is increasingly becoming more flexibly created and recreated. With the addition of textual design in different forms of multimedia, the current technology has enabled the audience to interact with and participate in the media-making experience itself. The different technologies that have emerged has made it possible for various ways to present multimedia, regardless of proper lighting, sound and focus, and is still able make an appealing video to the audiences (Hornday 2007). This disregard for traditional means for professional multimedia creations and the non-professionalism of the publicly-made multimedia has made the postmodern movement of media an exciting experience that has made it possible for multimedia to flourish unlike other media forms. These, and other postmodern influences, has made it the most successful form of media that makes it the heart of multimedia.

Belle Femme vs. Naturalix

CENTRUM Catolica Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru Caso Belle Femme vs. Naturalix 1 Ver. CO Sin duda, la belleza tiene un sitio de enorme importancia en la vida de la mujer. Ello hace que este mundo resulte mas simpatico para todos. Pero esta condicion ha sido muy bien detectada y medida por la esfera de los negocios, los cuales han sabido convertirla en una serie amplia de distintas gamas de productos relacionados con la belleza y el â€Å"glamour†: perfumeria, cremas, jabones y similares. Los Competidores †¢ Belle Femme es una corporacion nacional que viene trabajando el mercado interno desde hace 30 anos, habiendo expandido sus operaciones de mercadeo y produccion hacia algunos paises vecinos y Estados Unidos de N. A. Naturalix, es una firma venezolana fundada en 1994. Se propuso ingresar a los mercados de Florida, el Caribe y la Comunidad Andina de Naciones –CAN, a partir del ano 1998. Establecio su oficina comercial en el Peru en mayo de 1998. Este ano se ha dado pasos firmes y acertados en tal sentido. Naturalix forma parte de una corporacion venezolana que conjunta diversos negocios, algunos de los cuales tienen activas operaciones de mercado internacional. No obstante, esta lejos de lograr el sofisticado manejo de los costos que los procesos del â€Å"supply chain† le permiten a su competidor en el Peru, Belle Femme. La direccion de Naturalix se ha concentrado en la innovacion continua de sus productos, para lo cual celebro una alianza estrategica con una empresa alemana de insumos para la industria de la belleza. Conservando una marca de crema de tratamiento facial, por ejemplo, introduce una formula completamente nueva que partiendo de materias primas naturales, produce efectos embellecedores permanentes muy apreciados. Emplea esta misma politica en toda la gama posible de productos. Esta asignacion de recursos por la cual se favorece ampliamente la innovacion, por encima del control de los costos del comercio internacional y, en general, de los costos de produccion y distribucion, tiene preocupado al Gerente Central de Finanzas. Este, parado junto al gran ventanal de su oficina en Caracas, miraba y remiraba ansiosamente los estados financieros de cada sucursal (incluyendo la del Peru) y el consolidado corporativo. Este incluia los costos de la alianza alemana sobre la cual reposa el avance innovador de los productos. ?Si me hicieran caso con esto de los altos costos de tanta innecesaria innovacion! En el piso de abajo, el Gerente General tecleaba en su PC el informe trimestral al Directorio. Las ultimas lineas que llevaba escritas decian: â€Å"†¦de manera que la expansion de nuestro mercado hacia el exterior, en particular el CAN y Brasil, nos permitiran diluir costos gracias al incremento constante y sustancial de la produccion y de las ventas†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Competencia en el CAN El Directorio de Belle Femme, acaba de terminar una reunion candente celebrada en el hotel Inter Continental de Quito. Las ventas de cremas faciales y de los tratamientos para la piel, estan viniendose abajo rapidamente, al igual que la linea cara de lapiz de labios. Y esto sucede en Colombia, Ecuador y Peru, en donde se observa la presencia de una pequena empresa, nueva por completo y de la cual no habian oido hablar. En el Directorio se escucho, por ejemplo: †¢ El Sistema de Venta Ambas firmas practican el sistema de ventas denominado â€Å"venta directa† (direct marketing), por el cual un Gerente de Mercadeo entrena a un grupo amplio de supervisoras y estas a representantes o promotoras, siendo estas ultimas las encargadas de vender mediante visitas a los hogares u organizando reuniones. Tanto las supervisoras como las promotoras no estan incluidas en las planillas de remuneraciones. La venta consiste en tomar los pedidos de la clientela e informar a la empresa para que esta proceda a la distribucion, realizada la cual, las promotoras hacen la cobranza, descuentan su comision y pagan a la empresa. Este sistema fue establecido por Avon Products Inc. , en los EE. UU. de A. , a inicios del siglo XX, y sigue operando. Estrategias Diferentes Belle Femme tiene ganada una experiencia internacional de primer orden. Una vez consolidadas sus operaciones internacionales, la direccion de la empresa se ha concentrado en lograr la maxima eficiencia operativa, lo cual incluye venir desarrollando las bases del sistema denominado â€Å"supply chain†, por el cual se programa y controla el abastecimiento de los distintos mercados desde las plantas de produccion mas convenientes, cuidandose la minimizacion del costo junto con el abastecimiento a tiempo de los pedidos. 1 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ No es un problema de precio; se han atrevido a igualar el nuestro. Sospechamos que nuestras promotoras estan vendiendo tambien productos similares de Natura †¦? ue?. Ah! , si, Naturalix. Estoy seguro de que nuestros costos son sustancialmente mas bajos que los de ellos; eso me deja tranquilo. †¦ 1) ? Que competencias directrices â€Å"core† han estado debiles y cuales fuertes, en el Presidente de Belle Femme y en el Gerente General de Naturalix, de acuerdo con lo que nos permite inferi r la informacion del caso? 2) ? Que decisiones adoptar para, de cara al corto y mediano plazos, fortalecer las competencias directrices â€Å"core† de los directivos de Belle Femme, de manera que se reduzca el riesgo de nuevos ataques de la competencia faltos de respuesta oportuna? Propuestas concretas y definidamente exitosas). El Presidente habia cerrado la sesion de Directorio dictaminando: â€Å"Los Gerentes Generales y Comerciales de los paises del CAN tendran una reunion conmigo de aqui a un mes. Nuestras utilidades se comienzan a derrumbar ante un competidor pequeno, al cual conocemos muy poco y al cual hay que enfrentar con soluciones eficaces, para revertir la perdida de mercados a la mayor brevedad. Mi promesa a los accionistas de Belle Femme†¦Ã¢â‚¬  INTERROGANTES DEL CASO 2